The list of artists supported by AI tools (such as Midjourney (692 on 4/28/2023, Stable Diffusion (1834) or DALL.E2 (175)), movie directors, screenwriters and scientists using Large Language Models such as Chat GPT to do research and write papers is growing.
"ChatGPT listed as author on research papers: many scientists disapprove" says an opinion piece published by Nature in January.
Does artificial intelligence deserve to be included in authorship list? Yes, it does, say marketing PHDs, business, IT, gastroenterology and nursing researchers, radiologists and medical doctors. No, say lawyers.
While using ChatGPT as an author may seem innovative and efficient, it is important to consider the legal implications since ChatGPT was trained on a vast amount of text, some of which could be copyrighted. Besides, since an AI chatbot is not a human being, in the current legal system, the text it generates cannot be a copyrighted work.
In the occasional case of permission to use chatGPT in certain cases, publishers and journals should disclose transparent policies.
In January, the Fortieth International Conference on Machine Learning (to be held in Honolulu, Hawaii USA July 23rd - July 29th, 2023) announced that it has banned papers written by ChatGPT and other AI language tools. New York City public schools have also banned the use of ChatGPT. South Korean Technology giant Samsung and JP Morgan restricted its use. On the other hand, the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI) is discussing ways to design better prompts and DeepLearning.AI is offering a course on ChatGPT prompt engineering.
Regardless of where the debate over ChatGPT and other AI language tools ultimately lands, it is clear that they are having a significant impact on the way scientific research is conducted and are increasingly used in a range of industries and applications - as a tool and as a coauthor.
REFERENCES
Pourhoseingholi M, Hatamnejad M, Solhpour A. Does chatGPT (or any other artificial intelligence language tool) deserve to be included in authorship list? Gastroenterology and Hepatology From Bed to Bench. 2023 Jan;16(1):435-437. PMCID: PMC10105502.nce-Enabled Writing With a Focus on ChatGPT as an Author. Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 2023 Apr 17.
Sharma P. Chatbots in Medical Research: Advantages and Limitations of Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Writing With a Focus on ChatGPT as an Author. Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 2023 Apr 17.
Lund B, Wang T, Mannuru NR, Nie B, Shimray S, Wang Z. ChatGPT and a New Academic Reality: AI-Written Research Papers and the Ethics of the Large Language Models in Scholarly Publishing. arXiv preprint arXiv:2303.13367. 2023 Mar 21
Malik T, Dwivedi Y, Kshetri N, Hughes L, Slade EL, Jeyaraj A, Kar AK, Baabdullah AM, Koohang A, Raghavan V, Ahuja M. “So what if ChatGPT wrote it?” Multidisciplinary perspectives on opportunities, challenges and implications of generative conversational AI for research, practice and policy. International Journal of Information Management. 2023 Jan 1;71:102642.
Biswas S. Chat GPT and the fire of medical writing, Radiology 2023-223312
Dwivedi YK, Kshetri N, Hughes L, Slade EL, Jeyaraj A, Kar AK, Baabdullah AM, Koohang A, Raghavan V, Ahuja M, Albanna H. “So what if ChatGPT wrote it?” Multidisciplinary perspectives on opportunities, challenges and implications of generative conversational AI for research, practice and policy. International Journal of Information Management. 2023 Aug 1;71:102642.
Lee JY. Can an artificial intelligence chatbot be the author of a scholarly article? J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2023;20:6. doi: 10.3352/jeehp.2023.20.6. Epub 2023 Feb 27. PMID: 36842449; PMCID: PMC10033224.
Polonsky MJ, Rotman JD. Should Artificial Intelligent Agents be Your Co-author? Arguments in Favour, Informed by ChatGPT. Australasian Marketing Journal. 2023 Feb 6:14413582231167882.
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